Process of Enzyme Wash in Garment

Process of Enzyme Wash in Garment:

Preparation:

1. Garment Loading: The garments are loaded into a large industrial washing machine.
2. De-sizing (Optional): In some cases, an initial de-sizing step might be used to remove any sizing agents or starches applied during manufacturing. This ensures the enzymes can effectively reach the fabric fibers.
3. Water and Chemical Addition: Warm water (around 40-50°C) is added to the machine along with specific enzymes. The chosen enzymes typically belong to a class called cellulases. Cellulases break down cellulose, a major component of cotton fibers.

Washing:

1. Enzyme Action: The machine tumbles the garments with the enzyme solution. The enzymes begin to break down the cellulose fibers on the garment's surface. This has several effects:
   • Softening: By breaking down some fibers, the fabric becomes softer and smoother.
   • Fading: Cellulase enzymes can target areas with higher dye concentration (like indigo in denim). As these fibers break down, the dye concentration is reduced, leading to a faded look. The extent of fading depends on factors like enzyme type, concentration, and washing time.
   • Improved Breathability: Breaking down some surface fibers can improve airflow through the fabric, making it more breathable.
2. Time and Temperature Control: The washing time and temperature are carefully controlled depending on the desired outcome. Longer wash times and higher temperatures will result in a more pronounced fading effect and increased fiber breakdown (softer feel).

Rinsing and Finishing:

1. Thorough Rinsing: After the enzyme wash cycle, the garments are thoroughly rinsed multiple times with clean water. This removes any residual enzymes and loosened fibers.
2. Neutralization (Optional): In some cases, a neutralizing agent might be added during rinsing to stop further enzyme activity and ensure complete removal.
3. Finishing Steps (Optional): Depending on the desired outcome, additional finishing steps might be included, such as:
   • Softeners: A fabric softener can be added during the final rinse to further enhance the soft feel achieved by the enzyme wash.
   • Neutralizing Washes: For specific fabric types or dye combinations, a mild neutralizing wash might be used to adjust the pH level after the enzyme wash.

Additional Points:

• Enzyme washes are becoming increasingly popular due to several advantages:
  • Controlled Fading: They offer a more controlled fading effect compared to traditional stone washing (using pumice stones).
  • Softer Fabrics: Enzyme washes result in softer and more comfortable garments.
  • Sustainability: They can be a more eco-friendly option compared to stone washing as they often use less water and harsh chemicals.

Important Note:

Enzyme washing is an industrial process that requires specialized equipment and expertise. It's not recommended for at-home garment treatment.